Agent-based approach for cross-subnet communication

Projecte realitzat mitjançant programa de mobilitat. TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITÄT BERLIN. FAKULTÄT IV - ELEKTROTECHNIK UND INFORMATIKThe establishment of point-to-point connections between hosts behind NAT boxes have been always a problem due to the problem with the private IP addresses and NAT rewalls. To solve this problem, there are di erent techniques to make possible that hosts behind NAT boxes can establish a point-to-point connection rounding NAT rewalls and using solutions to exchange their IPs. The goal of this thesis is to present an implementation of a communication protocol which establishes a communication between agents that are behind NAT boxes avoiding all the problems that could occur during the communication, such as duplicated IP addresses or host unreachable errors and introduce to the reader some related work about NAT traversal. There is also in this thesis a little introduction to the existing techniques used to round a NAT rewall and the explanation of why we use NAT boxes even though they sometimes are a problem

Health Line App

Es tracta d'una app mòbil de millora d'hàbits d'alimentació, amb la finalitat de millorar els hàbits alimentosos i donar idees a l'hora de cuinar a diari, fer la compra etc...El context de l'aplicació serà el de poder obtenir receptes recomanades en funció dels ingredients que tenim a la nevera en aquest moment, (és a dir introdueixo per exemple arròs i pollastre i em proposa diferents receptes amb aquests ingredients), a la vegada amb fitxa de detall de la recepta. D'altra banda, una calculadora de calories per grams o quantitats que calculi l'ingredient que vulguem és a dir una mena de seguiment calòric o taula de calories, al seu torn disposaríem d'un calendari amb la dieta que vulguem seguir per setmana (esmorzar, dinar, sopar.. els menjars que desitgem fer al dia), amb l'objectiu d'observar si ens saltem o complim amb assiduïtat els menjars del dia. Per últim, es podran crear llistes de la compra per a reduir despeses i tenir ben controlat el que es necessita. L'aplicació serà duta a terme amb el framework Ionic i serà compatible amb Android i iOs. En conclusió, es tracta d'una idea original que té una clara orientació al públic "sa" i és potencialment utilitzable en el dia a dia ja que ens facilita molt la feinaIt is a mobile app for improving eating habits, with the objetive of improving nutritional habits and giving ideas when it comes to cooking daily, doing the shopping, etc. The context of the application will be to be able to get recommended recipes based on the ingredients we have in the fridge right now (that is, I introduce for example rice and chicken and proposes different recipes with these ingredients), at the same time with recipe detail sheet. On the other hand, a calculator of calories per grams or quantities that calculate the ingredient we want, that is, a kind of calorie tracking or calorie chart, in turn we would have a calendar with the diet we want to follow per week ( breakfast, lunch, dinner ... the meals that we want to make daily), with the aim of observing if we skip or regularly fulfill the meals of the day. Lastly, shopping lists can be created to reduce costs and have what you need well controlled. The application will be carried out with the Ionic framework and will be compatible with Android and iOS. In conclusion, this is an original idea that has a clear orientation to the "healthy" public and is potentially usable in the day to day as it facilitates us a lot of work.Se trata de una app móvil de mejora de hábitos de alimentación, con el fin de mejorar los hábitos alimenticios y dar ideas en la hora de cocinar a diario, hacer la compra etc...El contexto de la aplicación será el de poder obtener recetas recomendadas en función de los ingredientes que tenemos a la nevera en este momento, (es decir introduzco por ejemplo arroz y pollo y me propone diferentes recetas con estos ingredientes), a la vegada con ficha de detalle de la receta. Por otro lado, una calculadora de calorías por gramos o cantidades que calcule el ingrediente que queramos es decir un tipo de seguimiento calórico o tabla de calorías, a su vez dispondríamos de un calendario con la dieta que queramos seguir por semana (almuerzo, comida, cenar.. las comidas que deseamos hacer en el día), con el objetivo de observar si nos saltamos o cumplimos con asiduidad las comidas del día. Por último, se podrán crear listas de la compra para reducir gastos y tener muy controlado el que se necesita. La aplicación será llevada a cabo con el framework Ionic y será compatible con Android y iOs. En conclusión, se trata de una idea original que tiene una clara orientación al público "sano" y es potencialmente utilizable en el día a día puesto que nos facilita mucho el trabajo

Implications of the Orb2 Amyloid Structure in Huntington’s Disease

Huntington’s disease is a progressive, autosomal dominant, neurodegenerative disorder caused by an expanded CAG repeat in the huntingtin gene. As a result, the translated protein, huntingtin, contains an abnormally long polyglutamine stretch that makes it prone to misfold and aggregating. Aggregation of huntingtin is believed to be the cause of Huntington’s disease. However, understanding on how, and why, huntingtin aggregates are deleterious has been hampered by lack of enough relevant structural data. In this review, we discuss our recent findings on a glutamine-based functional amyloid isolated from Drosophila brain and how this information provides plausible structural insight on the structure of huntingtin deposits in the brain

SECURING BGP OVER SOFTWARE DEFINED NETWORKS

In this paper use the SDN paradigm to improve the security of BGP based on the Cisco SDN platform, OnePK. The proposed solution has the characteristic that do not need big changes to the network or the devices. A test environment has been created to prove that the feasibility of the solution

Nanomecánica de proteínas neurotóxicas: características moleculares comunes en el inicio de la cascada de neurogeneración

Tesis doctoral inédita. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología Molecular. Fecha de lectura: 15-03-201

Diseño de un equipo para determinar la actividad en la eliminación de bromatos de catalizadores de Pd

[ES] El agua es esencial para la vida y es un recurso limitado que hay que respetar y cuidar. Debido a la mala utilización y gestión del ser humano, cada vez hay más problemas de contaminación y de suministro. La situación puede agravarse si no se toman las medidas convenientes y se llevan a cabo tratamientos de descontaminación adecuados para poder reutilizar las aguas contaminadas. Los bromatos son contaminantes del agua y están considerados como posibles cancerígenos para el ser humano. La contaminación del agua por bromatos puede producirse cuando se trata agua que contiene bromuros por los actuales tratamientos de desinfección y potabilización del agua por ozonización y cloración, que provocan la oxidación de los bromuros que están presentes naturalmente en el agua. La reacción de reducción catalítica de bromatos a bromuros es un método de descontaminación de bromatos que ha sido demostrada como una técnica eficaz y sencilla, en la que se utiliza hidrógeno como agente reductor y un catalizador de paladio para reducir los bromatos. El presente Trabajo de Fin de Grado se centra un diseñar un equipo básico con el que poder determinar la actividad de la reacción de reducción catalítica para la eliminación de bromatos con diferentes catalizadores y diversos parámetros físicos. Para el diseño y la optimización de éste equipo, se han llevado a cabo previamente reacciones de reducción con diferentes catalizadores en el ITQ con un equipo validado en varios estudios y donde la reacción funciona correctamente. Tras esto se ha puesto a punto el equipo y se han realizado varias reacciones de reducción para comprobar el funcionamiento del equipo que se ha diseñado. Además, se han llevado a cabo algunas modificaciones en el equipo para demostrar las diversas aplicaciones que puede tener el equipo. El equipo se ha diseñado con la idea de poder ser aplicado principalmente a la industria química, para empresas que necesiten una eliminación de bromatos o una caracterización rápida y sencilla de la eliminación de bromatos en agua mediante una reacción de reducción catalítica. Por último, también se ha diseñado pensando en la posibilidad de aplicar dicho equipo en prácticas experimentales para alumnos universitarios en cuyo plan de estudios figuren asignaturas relacionadas con la catálisis medioambiental. Para ello, se ha realizado un guion de prácticas que podría ser utilizado para llevar a cabo la experiencia. Finalmente, se ha desarrollado un estudio económico de éste proyecto de investigación.[CA] L'aigua és essencial per a la vida i és un recurs il·limitat que cal respectar i cuidar. Degut a la mala utilització i gestió del ser humà, cada vegada hi ha més problemes de contaminació i subministrament. La situació pot agreujar-se si no es prenen les mesures convenients i es duen a terme tractaments de descontaminació adequats per a poder reutilitzar les aigües contaminades. Els bromats són contaminants de l'aigua i estan considerats com possibles cancerígens per al ser humà. La contaminació de l'aigua per bromats pot produir-se quan es tracta aigua que conté bromurs pels actuals tractaments de desinfecció i potabilització de l'aigua per ozonització i cloració, que provoquen l'oxidació dels bromurs que estan presents naturalment en l'aigua. La reacció de reducció catalítica de bromats a bromurs és un mètode de descontaminació de bromats que ha sigut demostrada com una tècnica eficaç i senzilla, en la que s'utilitza hidrogen com a agent reductor i un catalitzador de pal·ladi per a reduir els bromats. El present Treball de Fi de Grau te com a objectiu dissenyar un equip bàsic amb què poder determinar l'activitat de la reacció de reducció catalítica per a l'eliminació de bromats amb diferents catalitzadors i diversos paràmetres físics. Per al disseny i l'optimització d’aquest equip, s'han dut a terme prèviament reaccions de reducció amb diferents catalitzadors en l'ITQ amb un equip validat en diversos estudis i on la reacció funciona correctament. Després d'açò s'ha posat a punt l'equip i s'han realitzat diverses reaccions de reducció per a comprovar el funcionament de l'equip que s'ha dissenyat. A més, s'han dut a terme algunes modificacions en l'equip per a demostrar les diverses aplicacions que pot tindre l'equip. L'equip s'ha dissenyat amb la idea de poder ser aplicat principalment a la indústria química, per a empreses que necessiten una eliminació de bromats o una caracterització ràpida i senzilla de l'eliminació de bromats en aigua per mitjà d'una reacció de reducció catalítica. Finalment, també s'ha dissenyat pensant en la possibilitat d'aplicar el dit equip en pràctiques experimentals per a alumnes universitaris en el pla d'estudis del qual figuren assignatures relacionades amb la catàlisi mediambiental. Per a això, s'ha realitzat un guió de pràctiques que podria ser utilitzat per a dur a terme l'experiència. Finalment, s'ha desenrotllat un estudi econòmic d'este projecte d'investigació.[EN] Water is essential for life and is a limited resource to be respected and cared for. Due to the misuse and management of the human being, there are more and more pollution and supply problems. The situation may be aggravated if appropriate measures are not taken and suitable decontamination treatments are carried out to be able to reuse contaminated water. Broths are water pollutants and are considered to be carcinogenic to humans. Water contamination by bromates can be produced when bromides are treated by the current disinfection and water purification processes by ozonation and chlorination, which cause oxidation of the bromides that are naturally present in the water. The catalytic reduction reaction of bromates to bromides is a method of decontamination of bromates which has been demonstrated as an efficient and simple technique in which hydrogen is used as a reducing agent and a palladium catalyst to reduce bromates. The aim of this work is to design a basic equipment with which to determine the activity of the catalytic reduction reaction for the removal of bromates with different catalysts and various physical parameters. For the design and optimization of this equipment, reduction reactions with different catalysts have been carried out previously in the ITQ with a validated equipment in several studies and where the reaction works correctly. After this the equipment has been set up and several reduction reactions have been carried out to check the operation of the equipment that has been designed. In addition, some modifications have been made to the equipment to demonstrate the various applications that the equipment can have. The equipment has been designed with the idea of being able to be applied mainly to the chemical industry, for companies that need a removal of bromates or a quick and simple characterization of the elimination of bromates in water by a catalytic reduction reaction. Finally, it has also been designed with the possibility of applying this equipment in experimental practices for university students whose curriculum includes subjects related to environmental catalysis. For this, a practice script has been made that could be used to carry out the experience. Finally, an economic study of this research project has been developed.Hervás Martínez, R. (2017). Diseño de un equipo para determinar la actividad en la eliminación de bromatos de catalizadores de Pd. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/84913

Unequivocal single-molecule force spectroscopy of proteins by AFM using pFS vectors

Nanomechanical analysis of proteins by single-molecule force spectroscopy based on atomic force microscopy is increasingly being used to investigate the inner workings of mechanical proteins and substrate proteins of unfoldase machines as well as to gain new insight into the process of protein folding. However, such studies are hindered by a number of technical problems, including the noise of the proximal region, ambiguous single-molecule identification, as well as difficulties in protein expression/folding and full-length purification. To overcome these major drawbacks in protein nanomechanics, we designed a family of cloning/expression vectors, termed pFS (plasmid for force spectroscopy), that essentially has an unstructured region to surmount the noisy proximal region, a homomeric polyprotein marker, a carrier to mechanically protect the protein of interest (only the pFS-2 version) that also acts as a reporter, and two purification tags. pFS-2 enables the unambiguous analysis of proteins with low mechanical stability or/and complex force spectra, such as the increasingly abundant class of intrinsically disordered proteins, which are hard to characterize by traditional bulk techniques and have important biological and clinical implications. The advantages, applications, and potential of this ready-to-go system are illustrated through the analysis of representative proteins. © 2012 Biophysical Society.Peer Reviewe

Nanomechanics of tip-link cadherins

Hearing and balance rely on the transduction of mechanical stimuli arising from sound waves or head movements into electrochemical signals. This archetypal mechanoelectrical transduction process occurs in the hair-cell stereocilia of the inner ear, which experience continuous oscillations driven by undulations in the endolymph in which they are immersed. The filamentous structures called tip links, formed by an intertwined thread composed of an heterotypic complex of cadherin 23 and protocadherin 15 ectodomain dimers, connect each stereocilium to the tip of the lower sterocilium, and must maintain their integrity against continuous stimulatory deflections. By using single molecule force spectroscopy, here we demonstrate that in contrast to the case of classical cadherins, tip-link cadherins are mechanoresilient structures even at the exceptionally low Ca2+ concentration of the endolymph. We also show that the D101G deafness point mutation in cadherin 23, which affects a Ca2+ coordination site, exhibits an altered mechanical phenotype at the physiological Ca2+ concentration. Our results show a remarkable case of functional adaptation of a protein’s nanomechanics to extremely low Ca2+ concentrations and pave the way to a full understanding of the mechanotransduction mechanism mediated by auditory cadherinsThis work was supported by the BIO2010-22275 grant from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN) to M.C.-V

Metamorphism in TDP-43 prion-like domain determines chaperone recognition

The RNA binding protein TDP-43 forms cytoplasmic inclusions via its C-terminal prion-like domain in several neurodegenerative diseases. Aberrant TDP-43 aggregation arises upon phase de-mixing and transitions from liquid to solid states, following still unknown structural conversions which are primed by oxidative stress and chaperone inhibition. Despite the well-established protective roles for molecular chaperones against protein aggregation pathologies, knowledge on the determinants of chaperone recognition in disease-related prions is scarce. Here we show that chaperones and cochaperones primarily recognize the structured elements in TDP-43´s prionlike domain. Significantly, while HSP70 and HSP90 chaperones promote TDP43 phase separation, co-chaperones from the three classes of the large human HSP40 family (namely DNAJA2, DNAJB1, DNAJB4 and DNAJC7) show strikingly different effects on TDP-43 de-mixing. Dismantling of the second helical element in TDP-43 prion-like domain by methionine sulfoxidation impacts phase separation and amyloid formation, abrogates chaperone recognition and alters phosphorylation by casein kinase-1δ. Our results show that metamorphism in the post-translationally modified TDP-43 prion-like domain encodes determinants that command mechanisms with major relevance in diseas

Structural Evidence of Amyloid Fibril Formation in the Putative Aggregation Domain of TDP-43

TDP-43 can form pathological proteinaceous aggregates linked to ALS and FTLD. Within the putative aggregation domain, engineered repeats of residues 341-366 can recruit endogenous TDP-43 into aggregates inside cells; however, the nature of these aggregates is a debatable issue. Recently, we showed that a coil to β-hairpin transition in a short peptide corresponding to TDP-43 residues 341-357 enables oligomerization. Here we provide definitive structural evidence for amyloid formation upon extensive characterization of TDP-43(341-357) via chromophore and antibody binding, electron microscopy (EM), solid-state NMR, and X-ray diffraction. On the basis of these findings, structural models for TDP-43(341-357) oligomers were constructed, refined, verified, and analyzed using docking, molecular dynamics, and semiempirical quantum mechanics methods. Interestingly, TDP-43(341-357) β-hairpins assemble into a novel parallel β-turn configuration showing cross-β spine, cooperative H-bonding, and tight side-chain packing. These results expand the amyloid foldome and could guide the development of future therapeutics to prevent this structural conversion.Peer Reviewe